2-hetarylthiazole-4-carboxamide derivatives, their preparation and use as pharmaceuticals

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to 2-hetarylthiazole-4-carboxamide derivatives of the formula (I), the use thereof as medicament for the treatment of various disorders, and processes for the preparation thereof

This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/022,649 filed Jan. 22, 2008, which is incorporated by reference herein.

The present invention relates to 2-hetarylthiazole-4-carboxamide derivatives of the formula (I), their use as medicaments for the treatment of various disorders, and processes for their preparation.

BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

An overreacting immune system is partly responsible for numerous chronic inflammatory disorders such as, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma and multiple sclerosis. An increased release of proinflammatory cytokines leads to damage to endogenous tissue structures. The interplay of the innate and adaptive immune system is of central importance in this connection (Akira et al., 2001). Modulation of the immune system with substances which interfere with the activation of cells of the innate and/or of the adaptive immune system has antiinflammatory effects and can thus alleviate the pathological phenotype in the above disorders mentioned by way of example.

Innate immunity is based on the fact that microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses have certain inherent features via which they are recognized by the immune system and subsequently activate the latter. Certain pathogen-associated patterns (“pathogen associated molecular pattern, PAMPS”) are recognized. PAMPs are recognized by the pattern recognition receptors (PRR), which include Toll-like receptors (TLR) (Janeway and Medzhitov, 2002). TLRs are homologues of the drosophila receptor protein “toll”. There are ten different human TLRs. TLR one and six are coreceptors for TLR2. TLR2 recognizes inter alia lipoproteins and lipopeptides. TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA. TLR4 recognizes inter alia LPS of gram-negative and lipoteichoic acid of gram-positive bacteria. TLR5 recognizes flagellin, TLR9 recognizes CpG motifs in bacterial DNA (O'Neill, 2006). Coreceptors may further alter the recognition abilities of TLRs (Jiang et al., 2005).

IL-1/-18, TLR signal transduction

BSP53733A_FC_Text

TLRs are used in signal transduction with IL-1/IL-18 cytokine receptors. IL-1 (endogenous pyrogen) greatly stimulates inflammation and induces fever. Members of the IL-1R/TLR superfamily have a TIR domain (Toll/IL1 receptor). The TIR domain is about 200 amino acids long and comprises three conserved sequence motifs. Proteins having TIR domains bind via a protein-protein interaction (O'Neill et al., 2005). Subclass one (IL-1R family) comprises three Ig-like domains, and the receptor is a heterodimer. Included therein are IL-1 receptors one and two, the coreceptor IL-1 RAcP and the corresponding proteins of the IL-18 system. Subclass two (TLR family) comprises leucine-rich motifs. Toll-like receptors form homo- or heterodimers.

Activation of the TLR or IL-1, -18 receptors by the appropriate ligands initiates a multistage signal cascade. The TLR or IL-1/-18 receptor complex interacts via TIR/TIR contacts with the adaptor protein MyD88. The IL-1 associated receptor kinase (IRAK-1) normally has Tollip (Toll interacting protein) bound, which probably acts as an attenuating molecule (“silencer”). IRAK/Tollip binds to the active TLR/IL-1R complex. MyD88 displaces Tollip, thus activating IRAK1 and IRAK-4, most probably as dimer by transphosphorylation. Active IRAK leaves the receptor and binds in the cytoplasm to the adaptor molecule TRAF (Barton and Medzhitov, 2003). Further proteins are ubiquitinilated via TRAF. Ub-TRAF leads, by an unknown mechanism, to autophosphorylation of the S/T kinase TAK1 (an MAP kinase kinasekinase). TAK1 phosphorylates IκB (NF-κB activation) and MKK6. The latter is responsible for activating the MAP kinases p38 and JNK. NF-κB has been identified as nuclear factor for expression of the light antibody chain kappa in B cells, but is likewise involved in regulating many other genes. NF-κB is retained in the inactive state in the cytoplasm, where it is bound to the inhibitor IκB (Deng et al., 2000). Phosphorylation of IκB leads to proteolytic degradation of the inhibitor IκB, and the transcription factor is able to migrate into the nucleus. NF-κB is a heterodimer composed of the subunits p65 (Rel) and p50 (Bäuerle and Henkel, 1994). There are several members of this family which are able to interact in various ways. NF-κB alone cannot induce transcription. Transcriptional coactivators are necessary for gene activation, such as, for instance, p300 or CBT (Akira and Takeda, 2004).

Activation of receptors containing TIR domains is followed inter alia by release of inflammatory cytokines such as, for example, IL-1, IL-6, IL-23 and TNF-alpha (Adachi et al., 1998).

The structures of the following patent applications form the structurally close prior art:

WO2007/016292 describes N-aryl-2-arylthiazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as biofilm modulators (modulators of bacterial films) which differ because of the bicyclic C-D ring system from the compounds claimed herein.

WO2007/035478 discloses compounds which have a carboxyl group in the ortho position instead of a carboxamide group.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,274,738 describes N-aryl-2-pyridylthiazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as compounds which modulate DNA primase. However, these compounds cannot have an aminocarbonyl group on the N-aryl group in the ortho position relative to the pyridylthiazole-4-carboxamide unit. In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 4,879,295 discloses N-tetrazolylthiazolecarboxamides. Thiazolamide derivatives are mentioned in WO2006/122011 as inhibitors of viral replication. WO2005/048953 describes thiazolamide derivatives linked to an isoxazole unit as kinase inhibitors. The structures differ from the structures of the present invention, however.

The compounds disclosed in WO2007/052882 also do not have an aminocarbonyl group in the ortho position relative to the aminocarbonyl-thiazole group. A particular feature of the compounds described in WO2004072025 is, in contrast to the structures disclosed herein, a pyrrolidine ring which is additionally linked to a further substituent (such as, for example, a dimethylamino group) via a nitrogen atom.

WO200512256, WO200677424, WO2006077425 and WO200677428 disclose pyrazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors. Among the structures described are some in which a thiazolamide is linked to the pyrazole unit, although none of the pyrazole nitrogen atoms is in methylated form, and the pyrazole unit is not substituted by an aminocarbonyl group (C(O)NH₂) either.

Pyrazolamides which are, however, simultaneously linked to a urea unit are described in WO2005/37797.

WO2005/115986 claims pyridinamides, but in this case no linkages to sulphur-containing heterocycles such as thiazole are envisaged.

Structurally different from the compounds described herein are also the pyridinamides described in WO2005/049604 because of the linkage to an oxygen-substituted phenyl ring.

EP1666455 describes amides with an additional carboxamide structure, it not being possible for the substituent R1 to be an aminocarbonyl group.

Starting from this prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide further structures for therapy, in particular for immunomodulation.

The object is achieved by compounds of the general formula (I) with building blocks A, B, C and D,

in which

-   the building blocks B and D are in ortho position relative to one     another, and -   Q₁ is a heteroaryl ring having 6 ring atoms, and -   R¹ and R² are independently of one another     -   (i) hydrogen, hydroxyl, nitro, halogen, cyano, —CF₃, —NR⁵R⁶ or     -   (ii) —C(O)—R¹⁰, —C(O)—R⁷, —C(O)—C₁-C₃-fluoroalkyl, —C(O)—NR⁵R⁶,         —NH—C(O)—R⁷ or     -   (iii) a C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,         C₁-C₆-fluoroalkyl or a C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy radical,     -    in each case optionally substituted one or more times,         identically or differently, by C₁-C₃-alkoxy, hydroxyl, —C(O)—R¹⁰         or —NR⁸R⁹, or     -   (iv) —O—SO₂—NR⁵R⁶, —SO₂—R⁷, —SO₂—NR⁵R⁶, and -   Q₂ is an aryl, heteroaryl or a hydrogenated bicyclic heteroaryl     ring; and -   R³ and R⁴ are independently of one another     -   (i) hydrogen, halogen or —NR¹¹R¹² or     -   (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkyl or C₁-C₆-alkoxy radical which are in each         case optionally substituted one or more times, identically or         differently, by hydroxyl, C₁-C₃-alkoxy, —NR⁸R⁹ or heterocyclyl,         where the heterocyclyl ring may be substituted one or more         times, identically or differently, by C₁-C₃-alkyl or —C(O)—R⁷,         where -   R⁵ and R⁶ are independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl     radical which is optionally substituted one or more times,     identically or differently, by hydroxy, —C₁-C₃-alkoxy, —NR⁸R⁹ or     heterocyclyl, where the heterocyclyl ring may be substituted one or     more times, identically or differently, by C₁-C₃-alkyl or —C(O)—R⁷,     or -   R⁵ and R⁶ form alternatively together with the nitrogen atom a 5- to     7-membered ring which optionally comprises a further heteroatom in     addition to the nitrogen atom, and which is optionally substituted     one or more times, identically or differently, by C₁-C₆-alkyl and/or     by —C(O)—R⁷, and -   R⁷ is a C₁-C₆-alkyl radical, and -   R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ are independently of one another hydrogen or a     C₁-C₆-alkyl radical, and -   R¹¹ and R¹² are independently of one another hydrogen or a     C₁-C₆-alkyl radical which is optionally substituted one or more     times, identically or differently, by hydroxyl, —C₁-C₃-alkoxy,     —NR⁸R⁹ or heterocyclyl, where the heterocyclyl ring may be     substituted one or more times, identically or differently, by     C₁-C₃-alkyl or —C(O)—R⁷,     and the salts, enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.

The invention is based on the following definitions:

C_(n)-Alkyl:

Monovalent, straight-chain or branched, saturated hydrocarbon radical having n carbon atoms.

A C₁-C₆-alkyl radical includes inter alia for example:

-   methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, iso-propyl-,     iso-butyl-, sec-butyl-, tert-butyl-, iso-pentyl-, 2-methylbutyl-,     1-methylbutyl-, 1-ethylpropyl-, 1,2-dimethylpropyl-, neo-pentyl-,     1,1-dimethylpropyl-, 4-methylpentyl-, 3-methylpentyl-,     2-methylpentyl-, 1-methylpentyl-, 2-ethylbutyl-, 1-ethyl-butyl-,     3,3-dimethylbutyl-, 2,2-dimethylbutyl-, 1,1-dimethylbutyl-,     2,3-dimethylbutyl-, 1,3-dimethylbutyl-1,2-dimethylbutyl-.

A methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl radical is preferred.

C_(n)-Fluoroalkyl:

Monovalent, straight-chain or branched, saturated, completely or partly fluorinated, hydrocarbon radical having n carbon atoms.

A C₁-C₆-fluoroalkyl radical includes inter alia for example:

-   trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, monofluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl,     hepta-fluoropropyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl,     5,5,6,6,6-pentafluoro-hexyl, pentafluoroallyl,     1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl

A trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and pentafluoroethyl radical is preferred.

C_(n)-Alkenyl:

-   monovalent, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having n     carbon atoms and at least one double bond.

A C₂-C₆ alkenyl radical includes inter alia for example:

-   vinyl-, allyl-, (E)-2-methylvinyl-, (Z)-2-methylvinyl-, homoallyl-,     (E)-but-2-enyl-, (Z)-but-2-enyl-, (E)-but-1-enyl-, (Z)-but-1-enyl-,     pent-4-enyl-, (E)-pent-3-enyl-, (Z)-pent-3-enyl-, (E)-pent-2-enyl-,     (Z)-pent-2-enyl-, (E)-pent-1-enyl-, (Z)-pent-1-enyl-, hex-5-enyl-,     (E)-hex-4-enyl-, (Z)-hex-4-enyl-, (E)-hex-3-enyl-, (Z)-hex-3-enyl-,     (E)-hex-2-enyl-, (Z)-hex-2-enyl-, (E)-hex-1-enyl-, (Z)-hex-1-enyl,     isopropenyl-, 2-methylprop-2-enyl-, 1-methylprop-2-enyl-,     2-methylprop-1-enyl-, (E)-1-methylprop-1-enyl-,     (Z)-1-methylprop-1-enyl-, 3-methylbut-3-enyl-, 2-methylbut-3-enyl-,     1-methylbut-3-enyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-2-methylbut-2-enyl-,     (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-1-methylbut-2-enyl-,     (Z)-1-methylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl-,     (Z)-3-methylbut-1-enyl-, (E)-2-methylbut-1-enyl-,     (Z)-2-methylbut-1-enyl-, (E)-1-methylbut-1-enyl-,     (Z)-1-methylbut-1-enyl-, 1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl-,     1-ethylprop-1-enyl-, 1-propylvinyl-, 1-isopropyl-vinyl-,     4-methylpent-4-enyl-, 3-methylpent-4-enyl-, 2-methylpent-4-enyl-,     1-methylpent-4-enyl-, 4-methylpent-3-enyl-,     (E)-3-methylpent-3-enyl-, (Z)-3-methylpent-3-enyl-,     (E)-2-methylpent-3-enyl-, (Z)-2-methylpent-3-enyl-,     (E)-1-methylpent-3-enyl-, (Z)-1-methylpent-3-enyl-,     (E)-4-methylpent-2-enyl-, (Z)-4-methylpent-2-enyl-,     (E)-3-methylpent-2-enyl-, (Z)-3-methylpent-2-enyl-,     (E)-2-methylpent-2-enyl-, (Z)-2-methylpent-2-enyl-,     (E)-Z-methyl-pent-2-enyl-, (Z)-E-methylpent-2-enyl-,     (E)-4-methylpent-1-enyl-, (Z)-4-methylpent-1-enyl-,     (E)-3-methylpent-1-enyl-, (Z)-3-methylpent-1-enyl-,     (E)-2-methylpent-1-enyl-, (Z)-2-methylpent-1-enyl-,     (E)-1-methylpent-1-enyl-, (Z)-1-methylpent-1-enyl-,     3-ethylbut-3-enyl-, 3-ethylbut-3-enyl-, 1-ethylbut-3-enyl-,     (E)-3-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (Z)-3-ethylbut-2-enyl-,     (E)-2-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (Z)-2-ethylbut-2-enyl-,     (E)-1-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (Z)-1-ethyl-but-2-enyl-,     (E)-3-ethylbut-1-enyl-, (Z)-3-ethylbut-1-enyl, 2-ethylbut-1-enyl-,     (E)-1-ethylbut-1-enyl-, (Z)-1-ethylbut-1-enyl-,     2-propylprop-2-enyl-, 1-propylprop-2-enyl-, 2-isopropylprop-2-enyl-,     1-isopropylprop-2-enyl-, (E)-2-propylprop-1-enyl-,     (Z)-2-propylprop-1-enyl-, (E)-1-propylprop-1-enyl-,     (Z)-1-propylprop-1-enyl, (E)-2-isopropylprop-1-enyl-,     (Z)-2-isopropylprop-1-enyl-, (E)-1-isopropylprop-1-enyl-,     (Z)-1-isopropylprop-1-enyl-, (E)-3,3-dimethylprop-1-enyl-,     (Z)-3,3-dimethylprop-1-enyl-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-ethenyl.

A vinyl or allyl radical is preferred.

C_(n)-Alkynyl:

Monovalent, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having n carbon atoms and at least one triple bond.

A C₂-C₆ alkynyl radical includes inter alia for example:

-   ethynyl-, prop-1-ynyl-, prop-2-ynyl-, but-1-ynyl-, but-2-ynyl-,     but-3-ynyl-, pent-1-ynyl-, prop-2-ynyl-, pent-3-ynyl-, pent-4-ynyl-,     hexyl-1-ynyl-, hex-2-ynyl-, hex-3-ynyl-, hex-4-ynyl-, hex-5-ynyl-,     1-methylprop-2-ynyl-, 2-methylbut-3-ynyl-, 1-methylbut-3-ynyl,     1-methylbut-2-ynyl-, 3-methylbut-1-ynyl-, 1-ethylprop-2-ynyl-,     3-methylpent-4-ynyl, 2-methylpent-4-ynyl, 1-methylpent-4-ynyl,     2-methylpent-3-ynyl, 1-methylpent-3-ynyl, 4-methyl-pent-2-ynyl,     1-methylpent-2-ynyl, 4-methylpent-1-ynyl, 3-methylpent-1-ynyl,     2-ethylbut-3-ynyl-, 1-ethylbut-3-ynyl-, 1-ethylbut-2-ynyl-,     1-propylprop-2-ynyl-, 1-isopropylprop-2-ynyl-,     2,2-dimethylbut-3-ynyl-, 1,1-dimethylbut-3-ynyl-,     1,1-dimethylbut-2-ynyl- or a 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ynyl-.

An ethynyl, prop-1-ynyl or prop-2-ynyl radical is preferred.

C_(n)-Cycloalkyl:

Monovalent, cyclic hydrocarbon ring having n carbon atoms.

C₃-C₇-Cycloalkyl ring includes:

-   cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.

A cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or a cyclohexyl ring is preferred.

C_(n)-Alkoxy:

Straight-chain or branched C_(n)-alkyl ether residue of the formula —OR with R=alkyl.

C_(n)-Fluoroalkoxy:

Straight-chain or branched C_(n)-fluoroalkyl ether residue of the formula —OR with R═C_(n)-fluoroalkyl.

C_(n)-Aryl

C_(n)-Aryl is a monovalent, aromatic ring system without heteroatom having n hydrocarbon atoms.

C₆-Aryl is phenyl. C₁₀-Aryl is naphthyl.

Phenyl is preferred.

Heteroatoms

Heteroatoms mean oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur atoms.

Heteroaryl

Heteroaryl is a monovalent, aromatic ring system having at least one heteroatom different from a carbon. Heteroatoms which may be present are nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulphur atoms. The valence bonds may be on any aromatic carbon atom or on a nitrogen atom.

A monocyclic heteroaryl ring according to the present invention has 5 or 6 ring atoms.

Heteroaryl rings having 5 ring atoms include for example the rings:

-   thienyl, thiazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl,     pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl,     tetrazolyl and thiadiazolyl.

Heteroaryl rings having 6 ring atoms include for example the rings:

-   pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and triazinyl.

A bicyclic heteroaryl ring according to the present invention has 9 to 10 ring atoms.

Heteroaryl rings having 9 ring atoms include for example the rings:

-   indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzofuranyl,     benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, azocinyl,     indolizinyl, purinyl.

Heteroaryl rings having 10 ring atoms include for example the rings:

-   isoquinolinyl, quinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quioxalinyl,     phthalazinyl, 1,7- or 1,8-naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl.

Monocyclic heteroaryl rings having 5 or 6 ring atoms are preferred.

Hydrogenated bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl rings are bicyclic compounds in which one ring is in partly or completely hydrogenated form. The valence bond may be on any atom of the aromatic part of the hydrogenated bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring.

Hydrogenated bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl rings include for example the rings: indanyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzo[1,3]dioxolyl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxinyl, chromanyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazinyl.

Hydrogenated bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl rings in which one ring is in partly or completely hydrogenated form may optionally comprise one or two carbonyl groups in the ring system.

Examples thereof are indolonyl, isoindolonyl, benzoxazinonyl, phthalazinonyl, quinolonyl, isoquinolonyl, phthalidyl, thiophthalidyl.

Heterocyclyl

Heterocyclyl in the context of the invention is a completely hydrogenated heteroaryl (completed hydrogenated heteroaryl=saturated heterocyclyl), i.e. a nonaromatic ring system having at least one heteroatom different from a carbon. Heteroatoms which may occur are nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulphur atoms. The valence bond may be on any carbon atom or on a nitrogen atom.

Heterocyclyl ring having 3 ring atoms includes for example:

-   aziridinyl.

Heterocyclyl ring having 4 ring atoms includes for example:

-   azetidinyl, oxetanyl.

Heterocyclyl rings having 5 ring atoms include for example the rings:

-   pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl and tetrahydrofuranyl.

Heterocyclyl rings having 6 ring atoms include for example the rings:

-   piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl and     thiomorpholinyl

Heterocyclyl rings having 7 ring atoms include for example the rings:

-   azepanyl, oxepanyl, [1,3]-diazepanyl, [1,4]-diazepanyl.

Heterocyclyl rings having 8 ring atoms include for example:

-   oxocanyl, azocanyl.

Heterocyclyl rings may optionally be partly unsaturated and/or also comprise a carbonyl group in the ring.

Examples thereof are dihydrofuran-2-onyl, pyrrolidin-2-onyl, piperazin-2-onyl, morpholin-2-onyl, 3(2H)-pyridazinonyl, 5,6-dihydro-2-pyran-2-onyl, 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-onyl, 2-piperidonyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl.

Halogen

The term halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

Likewise to be regarded as encompassed by the present invention are all compounds which result from every possible combination of the abovementioned possible, preferred and particularly preferred meanings of the substituents.

Special embodiments of the invention moreover consist of compounds which result from combination of the meanings disclosed for the substituents directly in the examples.

Likewise to be regarded as encompassed by the present invention are the salts of the compounds.

Formulation of the compounds according to the invention to give pharmaceutical products takes place in a manner known per se by converting the active ingredient(s) with the excipients customary in pharmaceutical technology into the desired administration form.

Excipients which can be employed in this connection are, for example, carrier substances, fillers, disintegrants, binders, humectants, lubricants, absorbents and adsorbents, diluents, solvents, cosolvents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, masking flavours, colorants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, salts to alter the osmotic pressure or buffers. Reference should be made in this connection to Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, 15th ed. Mack Publishing Company, East Pennsylvania (1980).

The pharmaceutical formulations may be

-   in solid form, for example as tablets, coated tablets, pills,     suppositories, capsules, transdermal systems or -   in semisolid form, for example as ointments, creams, gels,     suppositories, emulsions or -   in liquid form, for example as solutions, tinctures, suspensions or     emulsions.

Excipients in the context of the invention may be, for example, salts, saccharides (mono-, di-, tri-, oligo-, and/or polysaccharides), proteins, amino acids, peptides, fats, waxes, oils, hydrocarbons and derivatives thereof, where the excipients may be of natural origin or may be obtained by synthesis or partial synthesis.

Suitable for oral or peroral administration are in particular tablets, coated tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, pastilles, suspensions, emulsions or solutions. Suitable for parenteral administration are in particular suspensions, emulsions and especially solutions.

Owing to their antiinflammatory and additional immunosuppressant effect, the compounds of the invention of the general formula (I) can be used as medicaments for the treatment or prophylaxis of the following pathological states in mammals and humans, for local and systemic administration:

-   (i) pulmonary disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic     and/or proliferative processes:     -   chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders of any origin,         especially bronchial asthma     -   bronchitis of varying origin     -   adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute respiratory         distress syndrome     -   bronchiectases     -   all types of restrictive pulmonary disorders, especially         allergic alveolitis,     -   pulmonary oedema, especially allergic     -   sarcoidoses and granulomatoses, especially Boeck's disease -   (ii) rheumatic disorders/autoimmune diseases/joint disorders     associated with inflammatory, allergic and/or proliferative     processes:     -   all types of rheumatic disorders, especially rheumatoid         arthritis, acute rheumatic fever, polymyalgia rheumatica,         Behcet's disease     -   reactive arthritis     -   inflammatory soft tissue disorders of other origin     -   arthritic symptoms associated with degenerative joint disorders         (arthroses)     -   collagenoses of any origin, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus,     -   scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, Sjögren's syndrome,         Still's syndrome, Felty's syndrome     -   sarcoidoses and granulomatoses     -   soft tissue rheumatism -   (iii) allergies or pseudoallergic disorders associated with     inflammatory and/or proliferative processes:     -   all types of allergic reactions, e.g. angioedema, hay fever,         insect bite, allergic reactions to drugs, blood derivatives,         contrast media etc., anaphylactic shock, urticaria, allergic and         irritative contact dermatitis, allergic vascular disorders     -   allergic vasculitis -   (iv) vessel inflammations (vasculitides)     -   panarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis, erythema nodosum     -   polyarteritis nodosa     -   Wegner's granulomatosis     -   giant cell arteritis -   (v) dermatological disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic     and/or proliferative processes:     -   atopic dermatitis (especially in children)     -   all types of eczema such as, for example, atopic eczema         (especially in children)     -   exanthemas of any origin or dermatoses     -   psoriasis and parapsoriasis group     -   pityriasis rubra pilaris     -   erythematous disorders induced by various noxae, e.g. radiation,         chemicals, burns etc.     -   bullous dermatoses such as, for example, autoimmune pemphigus         vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid     -   lichenoid disorders     -   pruritus (e.g. of allergic origin)     -   rosacea group     -   erythema exudativum multiforme     -   manifestation of vascular disorders     -   hair loss such as alopecia greata     -   cutaneous lymphomas -   (vi) renal disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic and/or     proliferative processes:     -   nephrotic syndrome     -   all nephritides, e.g. glomerulonephritis -   (vii) hepatic disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic     and/or proliferative processes:     -   acute hepatitis of varying origin     -   chronic aggressive and/or chronic intermittent hepatitis -   (viii) gastrointestinal disorders associated with inflammatory,     allergic and/or proliferative processes:     -   regional enteritis (Crohn's disease)     -   ulcerative colitis     -   gastroenteritides of other origin, e.g. indigenous sprue -   (ix) ocular disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic and/or     proliferative processes:     -   allergic keratitis, uveitis, iritis,     -   conjunctivitis     -   blepharitis     -   optic neuritis     -   chorioiditis     -   sympathetic ophthalmia -   (x) ear-nose-throat disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic     and/or proliferative processes:     -   allergic rhinitis, hay fever     -   otitis externa, e.g. caused by contact eczema -   (xi) neurological disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic     and/or proliferative processes:     -   cerebral oedema, especially allergic cerebral oedema     -   multiple sclerosis     -   acute encephalomyelitis     -   meningitis, especially allergic     -   Guillain-Barre syndrome     -   Alzheimer's disease -   (xii) haematological disorders associated with inflammatory,     allergic and/or proliferative processes such as, for example,     Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin lymphomas, thrombocytaemias,     erythrocytoses     -   acquired haemolytic anaemia     -   idiopathic thrombocytopenia     -   idiopathic granulocytopenia -   (xiii) neoplastic disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic     and/or proliferative processes     -   acute lymphatic leukaemia     -   malignant lymphomas     -   lymphogranulomatoses     -   lymphosarcomas -   (xiv) endocrine disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic     and/or proliferative processes such as, for example:     -   endocrine orbitopathy     -   de Quervain thyroiditis     -   Hashimoto thyroiditis     -   Basedow's disease     -   granulomatous thyroiditis     -   lymphadenoid goitre     -   autoimmune adrenalitis     -   diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 diabetes     -   endometriosis -   (xv) organ and tissue transplantations, graft-versus-host disease -   (xvi) severe states of shock, e.g. anaphylactic shock, systemic     inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

One aspect of the invention is the use of the compounds according to the invention of the general formula (I) for manufacturing a pharmaceutical.

A further aspect of the invention is the use of the compounds according to the invention for the treatment of disorders associated with inflammatory, allergic and/or proliferative processes.

In the general formula (I), Q₁ may be a heteroaryl ring having 6 ring atoms.

Q₁ is preferably a pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or triazinyl ring.

Q₁ is particularly preferably a pyridyl or pyrazinyl ring.

In the general formula (I), R¹ and R² may be independently of one another:

-   (i) hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, halogen, cyano, —CF₃, —NR⁵R⁶ or -   (ii) C(O)—R¹⁰, —C(O)—R⁷, —C(O)—C₁-C₃-fluoroalkyl, —C(O)—NR⁵R⁶,     —NH—C(O)—R⁷ or -   (iii) a C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,     C₁-C₆-fluoroalkyl or a C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy radical, in each case     optionally substituted one or more times, identically or     differently, by —C₁-C₃-alkoxy, hydroxyl, —C(O)—R¹⁰ or —NR⁸R⁹, or -   (iv) —O—SO₂—NR⁵R⁶, —SO₂—R⁷, —SO₂—NR⁵R⁶.

R¹ and R² are preferably independently of one another:

-   (i) hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, cyano, —CF₃, —NR⁵R⁶ or -   (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-fluoroalkyl or a     C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy radical or -   (iii) —SO₂—R⁷.

R¹ and R² are particularly preferably independently of one another:

-   (i) hydrogen, —NH₂, hydroxy, halogen, —CF₃, or -   (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-fluoroalkyl or a C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy     radical.

In the general formula (I), Q₂ may be an aryl, heteroaryl or a hydrogenated bicyclic heteroaryl ring.

Q₂ is preferably a:

-   phenyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl,     pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, pyridinyl,     pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,     1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl,     2,3-dihydro-1H-indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolyl,     4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl,     4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo-furanyl,     benzo[1,3]dioxolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxinyl,     1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinyl or a     3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazinyl ring.

Q₂ is particularly preferably a phenyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, pyridinyl or 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl ring.

In the general formula (I), R³ and R⁴ may be independently of one another:

-   (i) hydrogen, halogen or —NR¹¹R¹² or -   (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkyl or C₁-C₆-alkoxy radical which are optionally     substituted in each case one or more times, identically or     differently, by hydroxy, C₁-C₃-alkoxy, —NR⁸R⁹ or heterocyclyl, where     the heterocyclyl ring may be substituted one or more times,     identically or differently, by C₁-C₃-alkyl or —C(O)—R⁷.

R³ and R⁴ are preferably independently of one another:

-   (i) hydrogen, halogen, —NR¹¹R¹² or -   (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkyl or C₁-C₆-alkoxy radical, in each case optionally     substituted by morpholine or —NR⁸R⁹.

R³ and R⁴ are particularly preferably independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl.

In the general formula (I), R⁵ and R⁶ can be independently of one another: hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl radical which is optionally substituted one or more times, identically or differently, by hydroxy, —C₁-C₃-alkoxy, —NR⁸R⁹ or heterocyclyl, where the heterocyclyl ring may be substituted one or more times, identically or differently, by C₁-C₃-alkyl or —C(O)—R⁷,

-   or -   R⁵ and R⁶ form alternatively together with the nitrogen atom a 5- to     7-membered ring which optionally comprises a further heteroatom in     addition to the nitrogen atom and which is optionally substituted     one or more times, identically or differently, by C₁-C₆-alkyl and/or     by —C(O)—R⁷.

R⁵ and R⁶ are preferably independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl radical which may optionally be substituted one or more times, identically or differently, by hydroxy, —NR⁸R⁹ or C₁-C₃-alkoxy.

R⁵ and R⁶ are particularly preferably independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₄-alkyl radical.

In the general formula (I), R⁷ may be a C₁-C₆-alkyl radical.

R⁷ is preferably a C₁-C₄-alkyl radical.

R⁷ is particularly preferably a C₁-C₃-alkyl radical.

In the general formula (I), R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ may be independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl radical.

It is preferred for R⁸ and R⁹ to be independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₄-alkyl radical and for R¹⁰ to be hydrogen.

It is particularly preferred for R⁸ and R⁹ to be independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl radical and for R10 to be hydrogen.

In the general formula (I), R¹¹ and R¹² may be independently of one another:

-   hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl radical which is optionally substituted     one or more times, identically or differently, by hydroxy,     —C₁-C₃-alkoxy, —NR⁸R⁹ or heterocyclyl, where the heterocyclyl ring     may be substituted one or more times, identically or differently, by     C₁-C₃-alkyl or —C(O)—R⁷.

R¹¹ and R¹² are preferably independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl radical which may optionally be substituted one or more times, identically or differently, by morpholine or by —N(CH₃)₂, —NH—CH₃ or —NH—C₂H₅.

A preferred subgroup is formed by compounds of the formula (I) with building blocks A, B, C and D, in which the building blocks B and D are in ortho position relative to one another and

-   Q₁ is a pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or triazinyl     ring, and -   R¹ and R² are independently of one another     -   (i) hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, —CF₃, —NR⁵R⁶ or     -   (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-fluoroalkyl or a         C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy radical or     -   (iii) —SO₂R⁷, and -   Q₂ is a phenyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl,     imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl,     pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,     1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl,     2,3-dihydro-1H-indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolyl,     4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl,     4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl,     benzo[1,3]dioxolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxinyl,     1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalinyl or a     3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazinyl ring, and -   R³ and R⁴ are independently of one another     -   (i) hydrogen, halogen, —NR¹¹R¹² or     -   (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkyl or C₁-C₆-alkoxy radical,     -   in each case optionally substituted by morpholine or —NR⁸R⁹,     -   where     -   R⁵ and R⁶ are independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₆         alkyl radical which may optionally be substituted one or more         times, identically or differently, by hydroxy, —NR⁸R⁹ or         C₁-C₃-alkoxy, and     -   R⁷ is a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, and     -   R⁸ and R⁹ are independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₄         alkyl radical, and     -   R¹¹ and R¹² are independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁-C₆         alkyl radical which may optionally be substituted one or more         times, identically or differently, by morpholine or by —N(CH₃)₂,         —NH—CH₃ or —NH—C₂H₅,         and the salts, enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.

Particular preference is given to compounds of the general formula (I) with building blocks A, B, C and D in which the building blocks B and D are in ortho position relative to one another, and

-   -   Q₁ is a pyridyl or pyrazinyl ring, and     -   R¹ and R² are independently of one another         -   (i) hydrogen, —NH₂, hydroxy, halogen, —CF₃, or         -   (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-fluoroalkyl or a             C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy radical, and     -   Q₂ is a phenyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, pyridinyl or         4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl ring, and     -   R³ and R⁴ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or         C₁-C₆-alkyl,     -   and the salts, enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.         Preparation of the Compounds According to the Invention         Process Variant 1:         a) Preparation of Intermediates of the Formula (III)

Intermediates of the formula (III) can be prepared in two synthetic stages. Firstly, intermediates of the formula (V) and ethyl bromopyruvate are converted by heating in organic solvents such as toluene into intermediates of the formula (IV).

The ethyl ester (IV) can then be hydrolysed, leading to the intermediates (III). In this case, Q₁, R¹ and R² have the meanings indicated in general formula (I) above.

b) Preparation of the Final Product

The compounds according to the invention of the general formula (I) can be prepared by reacting the intermediates of formula (III) with compounds of the formula (II) through an amide coupling reagent (see Sigma-Aldrich publication Chemfiles, Peptide Synthesis, 2007, 7, No. 2). It is possible in this case to use for example carbodiimides (for example N-cyclohexyl-N′-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulphonate CAS2491-17-0) or uronium salts (for example O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU)) in combination with a base such as, for example, pyridine. In this case, Q₁, Q₂, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ have the meanings indicated in general formula (I) above.

Process Variant 2:

a) Preparation of Intermediates of the Formula (VI)

2-Bromothiazole-4-carboxylic acid is reacted with intermediates of the formula (II) through an amide coupling reagent (see process variant 1) to give intermediates of the formula (VI).

b) Preparation of the Final Product

Intermediates of the formula (VI) are reacted with boronic acids or boronic acid pinacol esters in a Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to give the compounds according to the invention of the formula (I). Suitable catalysts or ligands in this case are for example the catalysts or catalyst systems described in N. Miyaura, A. Suzuki, Chem. Rev.; 1995; 95(7); 2457-2483 or in C. J. O'Brien et al. Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 4743-4748 and in the Sigma-Aldrich publication Chemfiles, Catalysis 2007, 7, No. 5.

In this case, Q₁, Q₂, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ have the meanings indicated in general formula (I) above.

Purification of the Compounds According to the Invention

In some cases, the compounds according to the invention can be purified by preparative HPLC, for example by an autopurifier apparatus from Waters (detection of the compounds by UV detection and electrospray ionization) in combination with commercially available, prepacked HPLC columns (for example XBridge column (from Waters), C18, 5 μm, 30×100 mm). Acetonitrile/water+0.1% trifluoroacetic acid can be used as solvent system (flow rate 50 ml/min). The HPLC solvent mixture can be removed by freeze-drying or centrifugation. The compounds obtained in this way may be in the form of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salts and can be converted into the respective free bases by standard laboratory procedures known to the skilled person. In some cases, the compounds according to the invention can be purified by chromatography on silica gel. In this case for example prepacked silica gel cartridges (for example Isolute® Flash silica gel from Separtis) in combination with a Flashmaster II chromatography apparatus (Argonaut/Biotage) and chromatography solvent or mixtures thereof such as, for example, hexane, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane and methanol, can be considered.

Structural Analysis of the Compounds According to the Invention:

In some cases, the compounds according to the invention are analysed by LC-MS: retention times R_(t) from the LC-MS analysis: detection: UV=200-400 nm (Acquity HPLC system from Waters)/MS 100-800 daltons; 20 V (Micromass/Waters ZQ 4000) in ESI⁺ mode (to generate positively charged molecular ions); HPLC column: XBridge (Waters), 2.1×50 mm, BEH 1.7 μm; eluents: A: H20/0.05% HC(O)OH, B: CH3CN/0.05% HC(O)OH. Gradient: 10-90% B in 1.7 min, 90% B for 0.2 min, 98-2% B in 0.6 min; flow rate: 1.3 ml/min. The statement LC-MS (ZQ) refers to the use of a Waters ZQ4000 apparatus and the statement LC-MS (SQD) refers to the use of a Single Quadrupole API (Atomic Pressure Ionization) mass detector (Waters) to record a mass spectrum.

Process Variant 1

EXAMPLE 1.1 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

2-(3-Pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (206 mg, 1 mmol) and 2-amino-benzamide (163 mg, 1.2 mmol) are mixed, and chloroform (10 ml) and pyridine (1.2 ml) are added. Then 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (230 mg) and 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-P-toluene-sulphonate CAS[2491-17-0] (635 mg) are added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The solid is filtered off with suction and washed with ethyl acetate, water and again with ethyl acetate. Purification of the solid by preparative HPLC results in Example 1.1 as a white foam (58 mg).

C₁₆H₁₂N₄O₂S, M=324.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.89, m/z=325 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=7.16 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.84 (m, 2H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.40 (m, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.71 (m, 2H), 9.32 (m, 1H), 13.3 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.2 N-[5-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(4-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid and 4-amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[5-(aminocarbonyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a white foam.

C₁₄H₁₂N₆O₂S, M=328.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.65, m/z=329 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.3 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(4-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid and 2-aminobenzamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a white foam.

C₁₆H₁₂N₄O₂S, M=324.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.81, m/z=325 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=7.21 (m, 1H), 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.89 (m, 2H), 8.18 (m, 2H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.75 (m, 1H), 8.87 (m, 2H), 13.3 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.4 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 2-amino-5-methyl-benzamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide.

C₁₇H₁₄N₄2_(S), M=338.4, LC-MS (SQD): R_(t)=0.87, m/z=339 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.5 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 2-amino-4-methyl-benzamide, subsequent filtration with suction and washing of the resulting solid with water and ethyl acetate, and drying in vacuo, in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide.

C₁₇H₁₄N₄O₂S, M=338.4, LC-MS (SQD): R_(t)=0.87, m/z=339 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=2.39 (s, 3H), 7.02 (m, 1H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.85 (m, 2H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.45 (m, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.64 (m, 1H), 8.74 (m, 1H), 9.36 (m, 1H), 13.4 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.6 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 2-amino-5-chloro-benzamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₆H₁₁ClN₄O₂, 358.8, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.03, m/z=359 [m+H]⁺

EXAMPLE 1.7 3-[(2-Pyridin-3-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]pyridine-2-carboxamide

Reaction of 2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid and 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in 3-[(2-pyridin-3-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]pyridine-2-carboxamide as a solid.

C₁₅H₁₁N₅O₂S, M=325.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.94, m/z=326 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.8 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(4-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid and 2-amino-4-methyl-benzamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₆H₁₂N₄O₂S, M=324.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.98, m/z=339 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=2.39 (s, 3H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.85 (2H), 8.13 (m, 2H), 8.26 (br. s., 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.84 (m, 2H), 13.4 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.9 6-Methyl-2-[(2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Reaction of 2-(4-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid and 2-amino-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothienyl[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in 6-methyl-2-[(2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide as a solid.

C₁₈H₁₇N₅O₂S₂, M=399.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.67, m/z=400 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.10 2-Pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-(3-carbamoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carboxamide

Reaction of 2-(4-pyridiyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid and 4-amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in 2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-(3-carbamoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carboxamide as a solid.

C₁₄H₁₂N₆O₂S, M=328.1, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.72, m/z=329 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=3.90 (s, 3H), 7.55 (br. s., 1H), 7.76 (br. s, 1H), 8.01 (d, 2H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.80 (d, 2H), 11.5 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.11 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide

a) Preparation of Intermediate III.1

2-(4-Trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic Acid

4-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-thiocarboxamide (201 mg), ethyl bromo-pyruvate (122 microliters) and toluene (5 ml) are mixed and heated under reflux for 4 hours. The toluene is removed and the residue is taken up in dichloromethane. The organic phase is washed with water and saturated brine and dried over sodium sulphate. Removal of the solvent in a rotary evaporator results in a solid (266 mg) which is mixed with tetrahydrofuran (THF) (2 ml), ethanol (2 ml) and 1M sodium hydroxide solution (4 ml). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3.5 h and adjusted to pH 2 with 1M hydrochloric acid solution. The organic solvents are removed as far as possible, and the residue is mixed with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with water and saturated brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated. Intermediate III.1 is obtained as a brown solid (221 mg).

C₁₀H₅F₃N₂O₂S, M=264.0, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.83, m/z=275 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=7.99 (d, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 9.01-9.07 (2H), 13.3 (br. s, 1H).

b) Preparation of the Final Product

Reaction of intermediate III.1 and 2-amino-4-methylbenzamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₈H₁₃F₃N₄O₂S, M=406.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.14, m/z=407 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.12 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-[6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-pyridinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide

a) Preparation of Intermediate III.2

2-(6-Trifluoroethoxypyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic Acid

2-(6-Trifluoroethoxypyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid is obtained as a solid starting from 6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine-3-thiocarboxamide CAS175277-59-5 and ethyl bromopyruvate in analogy to the synthesis of intermediate III.1.

C₁₁H₇F₃N₂O₃S, M=304.0, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.09, m/z=305 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=5.02 (q, 2H), CH₂CF₃), 7.12 (d, 1H), 8.31 (dd, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 8.77 (d, 1H).

b) Preparation of the Final Product

Reaction of intermediate III.2 and 2-amino-4-methylbenzamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-[6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-3-pyridinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₉H₁₅F₃N₄O₃S, M=436.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.03, m/z=437 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.13 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxmide

a) Preparation of Intermediate III.3

2-(6-Methoxypyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic Acid

2-(6-Methoxypyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid is obtained as a crude product starting from 6-methoxypyridine-3-carbothiamide CAS175277-49-3 and ethyl bromopyruvate in analogy to the synthesis of intermediate III.1.

C₁₀H₈F₃N₂O₃S, M=236.3, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=2.40, m/z=237 [M+H]⁺. Recorded with a Waters autopurifier HPLC system (HPLC 2525 binary gradient module (Waters), detector micromass ZQ, Waters, UV lamp photo diode array 2996, Waters, wavelength 210-350 nm, column XBridge 4.6×50 mm C18 3.5 μm, gradient of acetonitrile 1% to 99% (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), run time=8 min, flow rate=2.00 ml/min)

b) Preparation of the Final Product

Reaction of intermediate III.3 and 2-amino-4-methylbenzamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[2-(aminocarobnyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₈H₁₆N₄O₃S, M=368.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.20, m/z=369 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.14 N-[3-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

a) Preparation of Intermediate III.4

2-(Pyrazin-2-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic Acid

2-(Pyrazin-2-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (intermediate III.4) is obtained as crude product starting from pyrazine-2-carbothiamide and ethyl bromopyruvate in analogy to the synthesis of III.1.

C₈H₅F₃N₃O₂S, M=207.2, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.66, m/z=208 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO, selected signals): δ=8.58 (m, 1H), 8.63 (d, 1H), 9.41 (m, 1H).

b) Preparation of the Final Product

Reaction of intermediate III.4 and 4-amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in N-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₃H₁₁N₇O₂S, M=329.1, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.94, m/z=330 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=3.91 (s, 3H), 7.57 (br.s., 1H), 7.77 (br. s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.75 (m, 1H), 8.80 (m, 1H), 9.35 (m, 1H), 11.5 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.15 6-Methyl-2-[(2-pyrazin-2-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Reaction of intermediate III.4 and 2-amino-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide and subsequent purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.1 results in 6-methyl-2-[(2-pyrazin-2-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]-pyridine-3-carboxamide as a solid.

C₁₇H₁₆F₃N₆O₂S₂, M=400.1, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.76, m/z=401 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.16 N-[5-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Preparation of N-[5-(aminocarbonyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide by amide coupling with HATU: 2-(3-Pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (82 mg, 0.4 mmol) and 4-amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (56 mg, 0.4 mmol) are introduced into chloroform (3 ml) and pyridine (0.2 ml). Then HATU O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (228 mg) is added, and the mixture is stirred in a closed vessel at room temperature for 70 h. The precipitated solid is filtered off with suction, washed with ethyl acetate, water and again with ethyl acetate and dried in vacuo. Purification of the solid by HPLC results in Example 1.16 as a white foam.

C₁₄H₁₂N₆O₂S, M=328.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.72, m/z=329 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=3.99 (s, 3H), 7.58 (m, 1H), 7.85 (br. s., 2H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 8.36 (m, 1H), 8.53 (m, 1H), 8.70 (m, 1H), 9.24 (m, 1H), 10.7 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.17 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 3-amino-5-(tert-butyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide and purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.16 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-3-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₃H₁₈N₄O₂S₂, M=386.1, 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=1.35 (s, 9H), 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.63 (broad s, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 8.39 (m, 1H), 8.55 (m, 1H), 9.28 (m, 1H), 12.9 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.18 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-4-fluorophenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 2-amino-5-fluorobenzamide and purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.16 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-fluorophenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₆H₁₁FN₄O₂S, M=342.3, 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=7.44 (m, 1H), 7.58 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.41 (m, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.70 (m, 1H), 8.76 (m, 1H), 9.32 (m, 1H), 13.2 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.19 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-3-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxamide and purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.16 results in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-3-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₈H₁₈N₄O₂S₂, M=330.0, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.90, m/z=331 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=7.65 (m, 1H), 7.78 (br. s., 2H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 8.46 (m, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.76 (m, 1H), 9.34 (m, 1H), 13.0 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 1.20 N-[3-(Aminocarbonyl)-4-methyl-2-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

Reaction of 2-(3-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 2-amino-4-methylthiophene-3-carboxamide and purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.16 results in N-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-4-methyl-2-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide as a solid.

C₁₅H₁₂N₄O₂S₂, M=344.1, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.97, m/z=345 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=2.37 (s, 3H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 8.39 (m, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.72 (m, 1H), 9.26 (m, 1H), 13.2 (s, 1H). 13C-NMR (100 MHz, D6 DMSO): δ=17.22, 114.5, 117.9, 124.9, 127.7, 128.6, 132.9, 134.6, 145.5, 147.3, 149.2, 151.8, 157.3, 165.3, 168.2.

EXAMPLE 1.21 3-[(2-Pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]pyridine-2-carboxamide

Reaction of 2-(4-pyridiyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxamide (Berrie et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1952, 2042) and purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.16 results in 3-[(2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]pyridine-2-carboxamide as a solid.

1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=7.65 (m, 1H), 8.02 (m, 2H), 8.12 (br. s., 1H), 8.35 (m, 1H), 8.52 (br. s., 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.77 (m, 2H), 9.18 (m, 1H), 13.8 (s, 1H). C₁₅H₁₁N₅O₂S, M=325.4. LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.85, m/z=326 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 1.22 3-[(2-Pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]isonicotinamide

Reaction of 2-(4-pyridyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid with 3-aminoisonicotin-amide and purification by HPLC in analogy to the synthesis of Example 1.16 results in 3-[(2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]isonicotinamide as a solid.

C₁₅H₁₁N₅O₂S, M=325.4. LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.74, m/z=326 [M+H]⁺.

Process Variant 2

EXAMPLE 2.1 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

a) Preparation of Intermediate VI.1

N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-bromo-4-thiazolecarboxamide

2-Bromo-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid (1 g), HATU (2.01 g) and 2-aminobenzamide (0.65 g) are introduced into N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (20 ml). The mixture is cooled with an ice bath, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.90 ml) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 6 days, poured into ice-water and allowed to thaw with stirring, and the precipitated solid is filtered off with suction, washed twice with water, twice with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo. Intermediate VI.1 is obtained as a solid (1.4 g).

C₁₁H₈BrN₃O₂S, M=326.2. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=7.20 (m, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.47 (m, 1H), 8.67 (m, 1H), 12.9 (s, 1H).

b) Preparation of the Final Product

Intermediate VI.1 (65 mg, 0.2 mmol) and 2-methoxypyridine-5-boronic acid (43 mg, 0.28 mmol) are introduced into toluene (1.5 ml), ethanol (1.5 ml) and sodium carbonate solution (180 microliters, 2M) in a microwave vessel. Then Pd(PPh₃)₄ (23 mg, 0.1 equivalent) is added, and the mixture is heated at 120° C. (300 watts) in the microwave (CEM Explorer apparatus from CEM) for 20 min. The mixture is diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase is concentrated in a centrifuge and purified by HPLC.

C₁₇H₁₄N₄O₃S, M=354.4, R_(t)=1.09, m/z=355 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 2.2 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(2-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(2-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide is obtained as a solid from intermediate VI.1 and 2-methoxypyridine-3-boronic acid in analogy to Example 2.1.

C₁₇H₁₄N₄O₃S, M=354.4, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.12, m/z=355 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 2.3 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(5-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide

N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(5-chloro-3-pyridyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide is obtained from intermediate VI.1 and 5-chloro-3-pyridylboronic acid in analogy to Example 2.5.

C₁₆H₁₁ClN₄O₂S, M=358.8. LC=MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.08, m/z=359 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 2.4 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide

a) Preparation of Intermediate VI.2

N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-bromo-4-thiazolecarboxamide

2-Bromo-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid and 2-amino-4-methylbenzamide are reacted in analogy to the synthesis of intermediate VI.1 to give N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-bromo-4-thiazolecarboxamide.

C₁₂H₁₀BrN₃O₂S, M=339.0, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.04, m/z=340 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D6-DMSO): δ=2.32 (s, 3H), 6.97 (m, 1H) 7.65 (br. s., 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 8.18 (br. s., 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.49 (m, 1H), 13.0 (s, 1H).

b) Preparation of the Final Product

Intermediate VI.2 (150 mg) and 2-amino-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2-yl)pyridine (CAS827614-64-2) (136 mg) are introduced into dimethylethylene glycol (3 ml) and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (2 ml, 1M) and then Pd(PPh₃)₄ (102 mg, 0.2 equivalent) is added, and the mixture is heated in a microwave (CEM Explorer, 300 watt) at 110° C. for 45 min. It is diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase is concentrated, and the residue is purified by HPLC.

C₁₇H₁₅N₅O₂S, M=353.1, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=0.79, m/z=354 [M+H]⁺. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, D6-DMSO, selected signals): δ=2.33 (s, 3H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 6.96 (m, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 8.56 (m, 1H), 8.62 (m, 1H), 13.2 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 2.5 N-[2-(Aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide

Intermediate VI.2 (150 mg) and 2-chloropyridine-4-boronic acid (84 mg) are introduced into dimethylglycol (3 ml) and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (2 ml, 1M). Pd(PPh₃)₄ (51 mg) is added, and the mixture is heated in a microwave (300 W) (CEM Explorer apparatus) at 110° C. for 30 min. Then Pd(PPh₃)₄ (52 mg) is again added, and the mixture is heated in the microwave at 110° C. for 30 min. Working up as in Example 2.1 and purification by HPLC result in N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide (9.8 mg) as a white solid.

C₁₇H₁₄N₄O₃S, M=354.1, LC-MS (ZQ): R_(t)=1.25, m/z=355 [M+H]⁺.

TLR-Induced Cytokine Release in Human “Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells” (PBMC)

Test Principle

PBMCs isolated from human whole blood are stimulated using a TLR ligand.

The cytokine determination is carried out by means of ELISA kits; a proliferation/cell metabolism determination is carried out using Alamar Blue.

PBMC Isolation:

For the cell preparation, about 200 ml of blood are treated with an anticoagulant (e.g. citrate Monovettes). Per Leucosep tube, 15 ml of Histopaque (room temperature, RT) are poured in and forced downwards through the inserted frit by brief initial centrifugation (one minute at 1000×g, RT). 20 ml of blood are added to the tubes prepared in this way and centrifuged at 800×g for 15 minutes (RT). After centrifugation, the following layering results from the top to the bottom:

plasma-PBMC-Histopaque-filter disc-Histopaque-erythrocytes and granulocytes. The supernatant plasma is aspirated. The PBMC are transferred together with the underlying Histopaque to a new 50 ml tube, the contents of two Leucosep tubes always being added to one 50 ml tube. The 50 ml tubes are then filled to 50 ml with PBS. This cell suspension is centrifuged at 300×g (RT) for 10 minutes.

The liquid supernatant is tipped off and the cell pellet is resuspended with a little PBS and subsequently filled to 50 ml with PBS. This washing step is repeated twice. The resulting pellet is taken up in a defined volume of medium (with additives). For the testing of the substances, PBMC are incubated for 18 hours with titrated concentrations of the test substances, e.g. in the presence or absence of TLR7 or TLR9 ligands. On the next day, the supernatants are investigated for the content of TNF-alpha or other cyto- or chemokines by means of specific ELISA. The metabolic activity of the treated cells is determined with the aid of Alamar Blue.

Results:

Example EC₅₀ (TNF-α TLR7) 1.1 9.0e−7 mol/L 1.2 2.4e−6 mol/L 1.3 1.3e−6 mol/L 1.4 4.9e−7 mol/L 1.5 4.1e−6 mol/L 1.6 3.0e−5 mol/L 1.7 1.8e−6 mol/L 1.8 1.1e−6 mol/L 1.11 3.0e−5 mol/L 1.17 2.6e−6 mol/L 1.18 1.9e−6 mol/L 1.21 5.2e−6 mol/L 1.22 7.0e−6 mol/L 2.4 1.3e−6 mol/L

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The preceding preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

In the foregoing and in the examples, all temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius and, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.

The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited herein and of corresponding EP application No. 07076068.1, filed Dec. 10, 2007, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/022,649, filed Jan. 22, 2008, are incorporated by reference herein.

The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.

From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound of formula (I) with building blocks A, B, C and D:

in which the building blocks B and D are in ortho position relative to one another, and Q₁ is a pyridyl or pyrazinyl ring, and R¹ and R² are independently of one another (i) hydrogen, —NH₂, hydroxy, halogen, —CF₃, or (ii) a C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-fluoroalkyl or a C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy radical Q₂ is a phenyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, pyridinyl or 4,5,6,7-tetra-hydrothieno [2,3-c]pyridinyl ring, and R³ and R⁴ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl, or a salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
 2. A compound according to claim 1 which is selected from: N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[5-(aminocarbonyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; 3-[(2-pyridin-3-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]pyridine-2-carboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; 6-methyl-2-[(2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra-hydrothieno [2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide; 2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-(3-carbamoyl- 1-methyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-[6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-pyridinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[3-(aminocarbonyl)- 1-methyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; 6-methyl-2-[(2-pyrazin-2-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra-hydrothieno [2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide; N-[5-(aminocarbonyl)- 1-methyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-fluorophenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-3-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-4-methyl-2-thienyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazole-carboxamide; 3-[(2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]pyridine-2-carboxamide; 3-[(2-pyridin-4-ylthiazole-4-carbonyl)amino]isonicotinamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(2-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-2-(5-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide; or N-[2-(aminocarbonyl)-5-methylphenyl]-2-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)thiazole-4-carboxamide.
 3. Process for preparing a compound according to claim 1 comprising the steps: a) conversion of intermediates of the formula (V) into intermediates of the formula (IV) by reaction with ethyl bromopyruvate by heating in organic solvents

b) hydrolysis of the ethyl ester (IV) to obtain intermediates of the formula (III)

c) reaction of the intermediates of formula (III) with compounds of the formula (II) by an amide coupling reagent

where Q₁, Q₂, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ have the meanings indicated in claim
 1. 4. Process for preparing a compound according to claim 1 comprising the steps: a) reaction of 2-bromothiazole-4-carboxylic acid with intermediates of the formula (II) by an amide coupling reagent

b) reaction of the intermediates of the formula (VI) with boronic acids or boronic acid pinacol esters in a Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to give compounds of the formula (I)

where Q₁, Q₂, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ have the meanings indicated in claim
 1. 5. Pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 6. A method comprising contacting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a compound of claim 1 to inhibit the release of TNF-alpha in the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 